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Review of the LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer and its heat transfer characteristics

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 429-444 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0747-y

摘要： The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), different from other liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizers, has many advantages and has shown a great potential for future applications. In this present paper, studies of IFV and its heat transfer characteristics in the LNG vaporization unit E2 are systematically reviewed. The research methods involved include theoretical analysis, experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and process simulation. First, relevant studies on the overall calculation and system design of IFV are summarized, including the structural innovation design, the thermal calculation model, and the selection of different intermediate fluids. Moreover, studies on the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of the supercritical LNG inside the tubes and the condensation heat transfer of the intermediate fluid outside the tubes are summarized. In the thermal calculations of the IFV, the selections of the existing heat transfer correlations about the intermediate fluids are inconsistent in different studies, and there lacks the accuracy evaluation of those correlations or comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, corresponding experiments or numerical simulations on the cryogenic condensation heat transfer outside the tubes in the IFV need to be further improved, compared to those in the refrigeration and air-conditioning temperature range. Therefore, suggestions for further studies of IFV are provided as well.

关键词： intermediate fluid vaporizer     design of structure and intermediate fluid     condensation heat transfer    

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Simulation of performance of intermediate fluid vaporizer under wide operation conditions

Bojie WANG, Wen WANG, Chao QI, Yiwu KUANG, Jiawei XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 452-462 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0681-4

摘要： The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) is a typical vaporizer of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which in general consists of three shell-and-tube heat exchangers (an evaporator, a condenser, and a thermolator). LNG is heated by seawater and the intermediate fluid in these heat exchangers. A one-dimensional heat transfer model for IFV is established in this paper in order to investigate the influences of structure and operation parameters on the heat transfer performance. In the rated condition, it is suggested to reduce tube diameters appropriately to get a large total heat transfer coefficient and increase the tube number to ensure the sufficient heat transfer area. According to simulation results, although the IFV capacity is much larger than the simplified-IFV (SIFV) capacity, the mode of SIFV could be recommended in some low-load cases as well. In some cases at high loads exceeding the capacity of a single IFV, it is better to add an AAV or an SCV operating to the IFV than just to increase the mass flow rate of seawater in the IFV in LNG receiving terminals.

关键词： liquefied natural gas     intermediate fluid vapo-rizer     heat transfer performance     numerical simulation     extreme condition    

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A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 784-802 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1858-4

摘要： The increasing demand of goods, the high competitiveness in the global marketplace as well as the need to minimize the ecological footprint lead multipurpose batch process industries to seek ways to maximize their productivity with a simultaneous reduction of raw materials and utility consumption and efficient use of processing units. Optimal scheduling of their processes can lead facilities towards this direction. Although a great number of mathematical models have been developed for such scheduling, they may still lead to large model sizes and computational time. In this work, we develop two novel mathematical models using the unit-specific event-based modelling approach in which consumption and production tasks related to the same states are allowed to take place at the same event points. The computational results demonstrate that both proposed mathematical models reduce the number of event points required. The proposed unit-specific event-based model is the most efficient since it both requires a smaller number of event points and significantly less computational time in most cases especially for those examples which are computationally expensive from existing models.

关键词： scheduling     multipurpose batch processes     simultaneous transfer     mixed-integer linear programming    

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Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

M. ANBARASU, Mahmud ASHRAF

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 937-949 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0528-4

摘要： This article presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the strength and performance of intermediate length rack column sections with C-stitches under axial compression. The test program consisted of 10 axial concentric compression tests on columns with and without C-stitches under pin end conditions for two different geometric lengths. Finite element (FE) models were developed using commercial FE package ABAQUS considering material and geometric nonlinearities as well as initial geometric imperfections. The elastic buckling properties of the section were calculated using readily available linear elastic buckling analysis tools based on Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and Finite Strip Method (FSM). Obtained FE results were compared with those obtained experimentally, and once verified the developed FE modeling technique was used to carry out a parametric study to examine changes in structural response due to variations in length, depth and spacing of C-stitches. Observed influences of C-stitches on the behavior and resistance of the considered columns were carefully analyzed, and key design aspects are presented herein.

关键词： cold-formed steel columns     C-stitches     intermediate length columns     distortional buckling    

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Efficiency measurement for mixed two-stage nonhomogeneous network processes with shared extra intermediate

Qingxian AN, Xuyang LIU, Shijie DING

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 259-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0080-x

摘要： Unreasonable allocation of shared resources reduces the system efficiency and is a considerable operational risk. Sub-processes with insufficient portion of shared resources could not help accomplish complicated tasks, and overstaffing and idle resources will occur in the sub-processes assigned with redundant shared resources. This unfair portion distribution may cause internal contradictions among sub-processes and even lead to the collapsing of the entire system. This study proposes a data-driven, mixed two-stage network data envelopment analysis model. This method aims to reasonably define the allocation portion of shared extra intermediate resources among several nonhomogeneous subsystems and measure the overall system performance. A data set of 58 international hotels is used to test the features of the proposed model.

关键词： shared resource allocation     mixed two-stage system     data envelopment analysis     efficiency    

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Effects of sucrose crystallization and moisture migration on the structural changes of a coated intermediate

Tiancheng LI, Peng ZHOU, Theodore P. LABUZA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 346-350 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0256-8

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate whether moisture migration and sugar crystallization play an important role in the changes of IMF matrix structure. The migration of water was monitored with changes of water activity in different physical domains of samples during storage, while the crystallization of sucrose was determined with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The formation of both a hard inner-layer and agglomerated particles in the inner matrix was observed during storage. Our results suggested that both moisture loss and sucrose crystallization were mainly responsible for the formation of the crusty intermediate inner layer, and the agglomerated matrix particles were the result of sucrose crystallization.

关键词： inner-layer     agglomerated     IMF     moisture migration     crystallization    

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Review of fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines

Maolin CAI, Yixuan WANG, Zongxia JIAO, Yan SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 312-320 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0433-2

摘要：

This study examines the development of the fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines. The current state of hydraulic wind turbines as a new technology is described, and its basic fluid model and typical control method are expounded by comparing various study results. Finally, the advantages of hydraulic wind turbines are enumerated. Hydraulic wind turbines are expected to become the main development direction of wind turbines.

关键词： wind turbine     hydraulic system     fluid model     control technology    

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Computational fluid dynamics simulation of aerosol transport and deposition

Yingjie TANG, Bing GUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 362-377 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0365-8

摘要： In this article computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of aerosol transport and deposition, i.e. the transport and deposition of particles in an aerosol, is reviewed. The review gives a brief account of the basics of aerosol mechanics, followed by a description of the general CFD approach for flow field simulation, turbulence modeling, wall treatments and simulation of particle motion and deposition. Then examples from the literature are presented, including CFD simulation of particle deposition in human respiratory tract and particle deposition in aerosol devices. CFD simulation of particle transport and deposition may provide information that is difficult to obtain through physical experiments, and it may help reduce the number of experiments needed for device design. Due to the difficulty of describing turbulent flow and particle-eddy interaction, turbulent dispersion of particles remains one of the greatest challenges for CFD simulation. However, it is possible to take a balanced approach toward quantitative description of aerosol dispersion using CFD simulation in conjunction with empirical relations.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     aerosol     transport     deposition    

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Investigation of carbon dioxide photoreduction process in a laboratory-scale photoreactor by computational fluid

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期   页码 1149-1163 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2096-0

摘要： The production of solar fuels via the photoreduction of carbon dioxide to methane by titanium oxide is a promising process to control greenhouse gas emissions and provide alternative renewable fuels. Although several reaction mechanisms have been proposed, the detailed steps are still ambiguous, and the limiting factors are not well defined. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms of carbon dioxide photoreduction, a multiphysics model was developed using COMSOL. The novelty of this work is the computational fluid dynamic model combined with the novel carbon dioxide photoreduction intrinsic reaction kinetic model, which was built based on three-steps, namely gas adsorption, surface reactions and desorption, while the ultraviolet light intensity distribution was simulated by the Gaussian distribution model and Beer-Lambert model. The carbon dioxide photoreduction process conducted in a laboratory-scale reactor under different carbon dioxide and water moisture partial pressures was then modeled based on the intrinsic kinetic model. It was found that the simulation results for methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen yield match the experiments in the concentration range of 10−4 mol·m–3 at the low carbon dioxide and water moisture partial pressure. Finally, the factors of adsorption site concentration, adsorption equilibrium constant, ultraviolet light intensity and temperature were evaluated.

关键词： carbon dioxide photoreduction     computational fluid dynamic simulation     kinetic model     Langmuir adsorption    

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Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

Zhiqiang ZHANG , Aiqun LI , Jianping HE , Jianlei WANG ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 249-254 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0038-x

摘要： The Hefei TV tower is taken as an analytical case to examine the control method with a fluid viscous damper under wind load fluctuation. Firstly, according to the random vibration theory, the effect of fluctuating wind on the tower can be modeled as a 19-dimensional correlated random process, and the wind-induced vibration analysis of the tower subjected to dynamic wind load was further obtained. On the basis of the others’ works, a bi-model dynamic model is proposed. Finally, a dynamic model is proposed to study the wind-induced vibration control analysis using viscous fluid dampers, and the optimal damping coefficient is obtained regarding the wind-induced response of the upper turret as optimization objectives. Analysis results show that the maximum peak response of the tower under dynamic wind load is far beyond the allowable range of the code. The wind-induced responses and the wind vibration input energy of the tower are decreased greatly by using a fluid viscous damper, and the peak acceleration responses of the upper turret is reduced by 43.4%.

关键词： high-rise structure     wind-induced response     fluid viscous damper     vibration control    

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Effect of gastric fluid on adsorption and desorption of endocrine disrupting chemicals on microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1525-8

摘要：

• Effect of gastric fluid on EDCs adsorption-desorption to microplastics was evaluated.

关键词： Microplastics     Gastric fluid     Endocrine-disrupting chemicals     Adsorption     Desorption    

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Detection of digestive malignancies and post-gastrectomy complications via gastrointestinal fluid examination

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 20-31 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0493-4

摘要：

To date, gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the common and fatal digestive malignancies worldwide. The prognosis of GC is not always satisfactory because of late diagnosis. Scholars are keen on discovering novel accurate and economical biomarkers in body liquids for GC screening to detect and evaluate the lesion before the results of imaging techniques are obtained. While traditional serum assays have limited sensitivity and specificity, gastrointestinal juice may provide relevant specific biomarkers because of its close contact with the tumor. Herein, the current progress in the relationship between gastrointestinal fluid analyses and GC is systematically and comprehensively reviewed. The detection of gastric juice pH, fluorescence spectrum, cytology, Helicobacter pylori-associated markers, nitrosamines, conventional tumor markers, amino acids, proteomics, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, protein-coding genes, vitamin C, etc., and combination tests of different category markers could provide important diagnostic and prognostic clues for gastrointestinal diseases. Particularly, early GC may be efficiently screened using gastric juice. Gastrointestinal fluid examination could also predict the adverse effects of postgastrectomy, such as pancreatic leakage, fistula, and abscess. Gastric fluid markers should be further studied to reveal the early predicators of malignancy and complications. The methods for obtaining the samples of gastrointestinal juice with minimum incision should also be comprehensively investigated.

关键词： gastrointestinal fluid     gastric carcinoma     biomarker     diagnosis     prognosis     gastrectomy     adverse events    

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Static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded fluid-infiltrated porous skew and elliptical nanoplates

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 477-502 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0918-5

摘要： The analysis of static bending and free and forced vibration responses of functionally graded fluid-infiltrated porous (FGFP) skew and elliptical nanoplates placed on Pasternak’s two-parameter elastic foundation is performed for the first time using isogeometric analysis (IGA) based on the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBSs) basis function. Three types of porosity distributions affect the mechanical characteristics of materials: symmetric distribution, upper asymmetric distribution, and lower asymmetric distribution. The stress–strain relationship for Biot porous materials was determined using the elastic theory. The general equations of motion of the nanoplates were established using the four-unknown shear deformation plate theory in conjunction with the nonlocal elastic theory and Hamilton’s principle. A computer program that uses IGA to determine the static bending and free and forced vibration of a nanoplate was developed on MATLAB software platform. The accuracy of the computational program was validated via numerical comparison with confidence assertions. This set of programs presents the influence of the following parameters on the static bending and free and forced vibrations of nanoplates: porosity distribution law, porosity coefficient and geometrical parameters, elastic foundation, deviation angle, nonlocal coefficient, different boundary conditions, and Skempton coefficients. The numerical findings demonstrated the uniqueness of the FGFP plate’s behavior when the porosities are saturated with liquid compared with the case without liquid. The findings of this study have significant implications for engineers involved in the design and fabrication of the aforementioned type of structures. Furthermore, this can form the basis for future research on the mechanical responses of the structures.

关键词： static bending     free and forced vibrations     nonlocal theory     isogeometric analysis     fluid-infiltrated porous nanoplates    

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Introduction to the special section on the Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Molecular Simulation

Tianwei TAN, Peiyong QIN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 241-241 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0285-3

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Hydrotreating of light gas oil using a NiMo catalyst supported on activated carbon produced from fluid

N. Rambabu,Sandeep Badoga,Kapil K. Soni,A.K. Dalai,J. Adjaye

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1430-1

摘要： Nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon (NAFSAC) was prepared from waste fluid petroleum coke (FPC) and used as a support material for the synthesis of a NiMo catalyst (2.5 wt-% Ni and 13 wt-% Mo). The catalyst was then used for the hydrotreatment of light gas oil. The support and catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction, H -temperature programmed reduction, NH -temperature programmed desorption, CO-chemisorption, mass spetrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM results showed that the carbon material retained a needle like structure after functionalization with HNO . The Boehm titration, FTIR, and BET results confirmed that the HNO functionalized material had moderate acidity, surface functional groups, and mesoporosity respectively. The produced NAFSAC had an inert nature, exhibited the sink effect and few metal support interactions, and contained functional groups. All of which make it a suitable support material for the preparation of a NiMo hydrotreating catalyst. Hydrotreating activity studies of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were carried out under industrial operating conditions in a laboratory trickle bed reactor using coker light gas oil as the feedstock. A parallel study was performed on the hydrotreating activity of NiMo/ -Al O as a reference catalyst. The hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation activities of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were 62% and 30%, respectively.

关键词： activated carbon     fluid petroleum coke     NiMo catalyst     hydrotreating     light gas oil    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Review of the LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer and its heat transfer characteristics

期刊论文

Simulation of performance of intermediate fluid vaporizer under wide operation conditions

Bojie WANG, Wen WANG, Chao QI, Yiwu KUANG, Jiawei XU

期刊论文

A new approach for scheduling of multipurpose batch processes with unlimited intermediate storage policy

Nikolaos Rakovitis, Nan Zhang, Jie Li, Liping Zhang

期刊论文

Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

M. ANBARASU, Mahmud ASHRAF

期刊论文

Efficiency measurement for mixed two-stage nonhomogeneous network processes with shared extra intermediate

Qingxian AN, Xuyang LIU, Shijie DING

期刊论文

Effects of sucrose crystallization and moisture migration on the structural changes of a coated intermediate

Tiancheng LI, Peng ZHOU, Theodore P. LABUZA

期刊论文

Review of fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines

Maolin CAI, Yixuan WANG, Zongxia JIAO, Yan SHI

期刊论文

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of aerosol transport and deposition

Yingjie TANG, Bing GUO

期刊论文

Investigation of carbon dioxide photoreduction process in a laboratory-scale photoreactor by computational fluid

期刊论文

Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

Zhiqiang ZHANG , Aiqun LI , Jianping HE , Jianlei WANG ,

期刊论文

Effect of gastric fluid on adsorption and desorption of endocrine disrupting chemicals on microplastics

期刊论文

Detection of digestive malignancies and post-gastrectomy complications via gastrointestinal fluid examination

null

期刊论文

Static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded fluid-infiltrated porous skew and elliptical nanoplates

期刊论文

Introduction to the special section on the Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Molecular Simulation

Tianwei TAN, Peiyong QIN,

期刊论文

Hydrotreating of light gas oil using a NiMo catalyst supported on activated carbon produced from fluid

N. Rambabu,Sandeep Badoga,Kapil K. Soni,A.K. Dalai,J. Adjaye

期刊论文